Numerical modeling for the structural analysis of the unbuilt Praça Maior design by Oscar Niemeyer for the University of Brasília

Resumo

Many established architectural works follow the structural component as a guiding parameter of the project. The architectural works of Oscar Niemeyer are renowned for their seamless integration of structure and design "once the structure is finished, architecture is already present, simple and beautiful" (NIEMEYER, 2002). The structural elements are deliberately showcased, adding to the overall aesthetic of the building. Niemeyer was responsible for Brasilia's most significant public buildings, including the National Congress, the Metropolitan Cathedral, and the Planalto Palace. However, there are numerous unrealized projects, preserved in history through sketches and even detailed plans. One such project is 1962 Niemeyer's design for the Main Square of the University of Brasilia, which featured a distinguished architectural complex composed of four blocks - Auditorium, Museum, Library, and Rectory. In this article, we explore the relationship between structures and architectural engineering by modeling structural systems and conducting numerical analysis using the software SAP2000. The main objective of this investigation is to determine how the structural system played a key role in the architectural conception of Oscar Niemeyer for this iconic project. The study aims to offer an analysis of the relationship between form and function, with a focus on how the structural elements of the project influenced its overall design and aesthetic result.