Analysis of human intervertebral disc fracture mechanisms, case studies

Resumo

In the world, one of the leading causes of hospitalizations and disabilities is disc herniation. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms that lead to the development of this pathology is of high medical interest. For this purpose, a 3D model of a lumbar section (L5-S1) will be analyzed using tools commonly used in civil engineering, such as the Finite Element Method (FEM). The 3D model was generated from real imaging exams, such as computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Subsequently, the mechanical properties (elastic modulus E and Poisson's ratio) of the structures of interest (annulus fibrosus, nucleus pulposus, and cartilaginous endplate) were incorporated into the models. Then, the model will be subjected to vertical compression forces combined with movements such as lateral, anterior, posterior flexions, and rotations. The primary objective of this project is to understand which combinations of loads and movements lead to structural damage, primarily affecting the annulus fibrosus, resulting in decompression of the nucleus pulposus. After analyzing the failure mechanisms of the structure, the variations in mechanical properties due to different degrees of pathology (protrusion, prolapse, extrusion, and sequestration) will be examined. This stage will contribute to a better understanding of the interaction between the components of the intervertebral disc following the development of pathology and the constraints imposed by its progression.