Tension analysis in a knee prosthesis model under different loading conditions using the finite element method

Resumo

Given the fundamental importance that collaborative and interdisciplinary developments have for
scientific knowledge, this work brings an approach focused on the stress distribution presented by a knee prosthesis
prototype, to assess the impact of the prosthesis geometry in the intervention regions. Quantitative analysis was
performed using the Finite Element Method. 3D digital models of the prosthesis were made, based on the catalogs
of commercial prostheses, and of the bones, based on radiographic images and anatomy literature. Subsequently,
the bone models were segmented, seeking to approximate the model geometry to the intervention performed in the
real case, based on the procedure described by the American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons. In this model, a
numerical simulation was performed, considering the uniform weight distribution and different positions that
occurred during a gait, that is, the way human walk. From these results, it is possible to observe that, despite the
great variability of geometries involved, there are concentrations of stresses at specific points of intervention to
support and fix the prosthesis to the bones. Thus, to reduce impacts on bones, these points must have geometries
that reduce these stress concentrations.