Methodology based on Genetic Algorithms and Finite Elements to obtain the 3D Surgical Planning for the Periacetabular Osteotomy procedure in treatment of hip dysplasia
Palavras-chave:
Developmental dysplasia of the hip, Periacetabular Osteotomy, Abaqus®, Optimization, Genetic AlgorithmResumo
Developmental dysplasia of the hip is characterized by a condition of joint instability in which the
head femoral artery presents an abnormal relationship with the acetabulum, which may be accompanied or not a
partial (subluxation) or complete dislocation (dislocation) of the femoral head. The treatment of hip dysplasia in
adults aims to prolong the longevity of the joint by performing the periacetabular osteotomy. In patients without
early diagnosis and treatment and in treated young adults inappropriately or incorrectly, surgical interventions
such as osteotomies are performed to prevent coxarthrosis and other pathologies that can develop secondary to
dysplasia. Periacetabular osteotomy aims to change the biomechanics pathological condition of the hip, causing a
reorientation of the acetabulum and consequent improvement of joint stability. In view of the complexity presented,
both by the curve of learning and the performance of the surgical procedure, it is interesting to use of tools and
computational models in order to assist the surgeon in his achievement and, consequently, in the improvement of
results. The present work seeks study the application of a genetic algorithm in conjunction with simulations via the
method of finite elements using the ABAQUS®software, in a geometric model obtained through of a computed
tomography in a real patient, aiming to optimize the surgical planning based on maximizing the resulting force
obtained as a function of contact pressures and contact area in the acetabular cartilage. A comparison is made with
the results obtained from the surgical planning developed according to radiographic parameters, from which it is
verified that the proposed methodology results in an optimal configuration for the fragment, which translates into
improved joint stability. The values of rotation angles in the x, y and z directions are shown.
