Analysis of the Cost and CO2 Emission in the Optimum Design of Trussed Composite Floor System Considering Floor Vibrations

Resumo

In recent decades, the pursuit of more cost-effective and environmentally sustainable construction methods has become increasingly important to lower expenses in the construction sector and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Among the available alternatives, composite floor systems with tubular truss configurations stand out as a promising solution due to their ability to cover larger spans while using less steel compared to conventional systems. This study proposes the formulation of a topological optimization model for composite floor systems consisting of tubular trusses and steel deck slabs with additional reinforcement, taking floor vibration effects into account. The optimization focused on minimizing both CO₂ emissions and the overall costs of the floor system. To solve the problem, the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm was applied. The proposed approach was validated by comparison with examples from the literature that adopted different beam configurations. The findings revealed that using concrete-filled tubular trusses can significantly reduce emissions and costs. The most efficient solutions involved slabs with added reinforcement and upper chords filled with high-strength concrete (above 35 MPa), which contributed minimally to the system’s environmental impact and total cost.