ENHANCING ENERGY EFFICIENCY THROUGH IOT-BASED REAL-TIME MONITORING IN LOW-VOLTAGE SYSTEMS

Resumo

This article presents the development of a smart energy monitoring system based on Internet of Things (IoT) technologies,designed to enhance energy efficiency, reduce operational costs, and support sustainable energy management. The proposedsolution targets low-voltage applications and uses a PIC18F4520 microcontroller for real-time data acquisition of voltage andcurrent. The hardware includes a dedicated sensing circuit with a Hall-effect current sensor and a transformer-based voltagedivider. Data are transmitted wirelessly using an ESP-01 Wi-Fi module and visualized through a custom web applicationdeveloped with Django. To assess performance and potential cost reduction, a comparative analysis was also conducted usingthe Arduino platform. The prototype was tested under resistive and inductive load conditions, including household appliances,and achieved measurement errors below 1% for voltage and under 2% for current in most cases. The system also calculates thepower factor based on synchronized signal analysis. Results demonstrate the platform’s accuracy, scalability, and potentialintegration into decentralized energy systems. This work contributes to the optimization of energy usage, promoting smarterand more sustainable consumption practices aligned with the global energy transition.