COMPARATIVE GEOSPACIAL ANALYSIS BETWEEN COAL-FIRED AND NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS IN CHINA

Resumo

This study presents a geospatial analysis of the energy transition in China, focusing on the replacement of coal-fired power plants with nuclear power plants. Using the QGIS software, geoprocessing techniques were applied for georeferencing and manipulation of spatial layers, allowing for a more refined analysis. Initially, the data were organized and georeferenced to ensure cartographic accuracy. Subsequently, the Kernel Density Estimation tool was used to generate heat maps, evidencing concentration patterns of nuclear and coal-fired power plants. The results highlight the geographical distribution of the plants and their influence on the country's energy matrix. The analysis reveals a growing concentration of new nuclear power plants, especially in coastal provinces such as Guangdong and Fujian, where there is greater energy demand and advanced infrastructure. In addition to the environmental dimension, which points to a significant reduction in CO₂ emissions, the study addresses social and economic implications. The transition to nuclear energy can improve air quality, minimize territorial conflicts, and reduce dependence on imported fossil fuels. However, challenges such as radioactive waste management and public acceptance of nuclear energy still need to be addressed. It is concluded that nuclear energy represents a viable alternative to coal-fired thermal generation, offering greater efficiency in the occupation of the territory and contributing to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. The study reinforces the importance of GIS as a strategic tool for spatial analysis and energy planning, supporting decisions that can impact China's sustainability and economic development.