An Optimization Model to Reduce Cooling Energy Consumption in Urban Battery Energy Storage System

Resumo

The increasing deployment of battery energy storage systems in urban areas necessitates advanced thermal management to ensure efficiency and prolong battery lifespan. This paper presents an integrated optimization model designed to minimize the energy consumption of cooling systems. By accounting for energy and heat balances alongside temperature-dependent calendar aging, this model evaluates two cooling strategies: an air-conditioning-only system and a hybrid system that combines forced ventilation and air conditioning. A case study in the metropolitan region of São Paulo, Brazil, was conducted to show the gains of the proposed model. The results show that the hybrid approach significantly reduces cooling energy consumption and operational costs, particularly under milder conditions where ventilation alone is adequate. These findings highlight the model's potential to support the design of controllers and implementation studies for effective thermal management, demonstrating the importance of balancing energy efficiency and battery longevity for sustainable operation of energy storage systems.