BIOMETHANE AND CIRCULAR ECONOMY: VALORIZATION OF AGRICULTURAL AND URBAN WASTE IN THE ENERGY TRANSITION

Resumo

The study analyzes the potential of biomethane in Brazil as a key vector for the energy transition. Through bibliographic and documentary review, including public policies, national plans, and technical reports, the research highlights how biomethane, produced from the anaerobic digestion of agricultural and urban organic waste, enables the transformation of environmental liabilities into renewable energy assets. The study explores the main technological purification routes, such as PSA, water scrubbing, and membranes, and discusses the possibilities of injecting biomethane into the existing gas grid, its use as vehicle fuel, or for electricity generation. The results reinforce the role of biomethane in reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, promoting energy security, and supporting local economic development through biofertilizer production and waste valorization. Despite infrastructural and regulatory challenges, recent legislation and national programs have been creating favorable conditions for market expansion. The study highlights biomethane as a pillar of sustainable innovation, aligned with Brazil’s decarbonization goals, the 2030 Agenda, and the development of low-carbon and circular economic models.