MONITORAMENTO REPRODUTIVO DE FÊMEAS TATU-CANASTRA (Priodontes maximus Kerr, 1792)

Resumo

O tatu-canastra (Priodontes maximus Kerr, 1792), classificado como vulnerável à extinção, é uma das espécies mais raras e emblemáticas da fauna sul-americana  ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION
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in 1964, the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species has evolved to become the
world’s most comprehensive information source on the global conservation status
of animal, fungi and plant
species.","container-title":"IUCN Red List of Threatened
Species","DOI":"10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-1.RLTS.T18144A47442343.en","language":"en","source":"www.iucnredlist.org","title":"IUCN
Red List of Threatened Species: Priodontes
maximus","title-short":"IUCN Red List of Threatened
Species","URL":"https://www.iucnredlist.org/fr","author":[{"family":"Anacleto","given":"T.C.S."},{"family":"Miranda","given":"F."},{"family":"Medri","given":"I."},{"family":"Cuellar","given":"E."},{"family":"Abba","given":"A.M."},{"family":"Superina","given":"M."}],"accessed":{"date-parts":[["2023",1,24]]},"issued":{"date-parts":[["2014",10,3]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}
(1). A escassez de informações sobre a sua fisiologia reprodutiva constitui um entrave significativo ao desenvolvimento de estratégias promissoras para a sua conservação in situ e ex situ  ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION
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knowledge of reproductive physiology is of paramount importance to guide
reproductive management and to make possible future application of assisted
reproduction techniques (ARTs) aiming ex situ conservation of wild mammals.
Nevertheless, information on the basic reproductive aspects of wild mammals
remain scarce, and appropriate management practices have not yet been developed
for all the species. This chapter discusses the methods most currently used for
reproductive monitoring in wild females. Additionally, the difficulties
regarding their use in different species and the possibilities of these
procedures in captivity or in free-living mammals are
addressed.","container-title":"Theriogenology","ISBN":"978-953-51-3478-7","language":"en","note":"DOI:
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2: Estrus Cycle Monitoring in Wild Mammals: Challenges and Perspectives","title-short":"Estrus
Cycle Monitoring in Wild
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R."},{"family":"Moreira","given":"Nei"},{"family":"Pereira","given":"Alexsandra
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M."},{"family":"Campos","given":"Lívia
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(2). A citologia vaginal é uma técnica complementar acessível, utilizada para monitorar a atividade reprodutiva em algumas espécies, pela avaliação morfológica de células epiteliais vaginais que refletem a interação dos hormônios ovarianos  ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION
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knowledge of reproductive physiology is of paramount importance to guide
reproductive management and to make possible future application of assisted
reproduction techniques (ARTs) aiming ex situ conservation of wild mammals.
Nevertheless, information on the basic reproductive aspects of wild mammals
remain scarce, and appropriate management practices have not yet been developed
for all the species. This chapter discusses the methods most currently used for
reproductive monitoring in wild females. Additionally, the difficulties
regarding their use in different species and the possibilities of these
procedures in captivity or in free-living mammals are
addressed.","container-title":"Theriogenology","ISBN":"978-953-51-3478-7","language":"en","note":"DOI:
10.5772/intechopen.69444","publisher":"IntechOpen","source":"www.intechopen.com","title":"Chapter
2: Estrus Cycle Monitoring in Wild Mammals: Challenges and Perspectives","title-short":"Estrus
Cycle Monitoring in Wild
Mammals","URL":"https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/55696","author":[{"family":"Silva","given":"Alexandre
R."},{"family":"Moreira","given":"Nei"},{"family":"Pereira","given":"Alexsandra
F."},{"family":"C.X.\nPeixoto","given":"Gislayne"},{"family":"Maia","given":"Keilla
M."},{"family":"Campos","given":"Lívia
B."},{"family":"Borges","given":"Alana
A."},{"family":"Silva","given":"Alexandre
R."},{"family":"Moreira","given":"Nei"},{"family":"Pereira","given":"Alexsandra
F."},{"family":"C.X.\nPeixoto","given":"Gislayne"},{"family":"Maia","given":"Keilla
M."},{"family":"Campos","given":"Lívia
B."},{"family":"Borges","given":"Alana
A."}],"accessed":{"date-parts":[["2023",7,8]]},"issued":{"date-parts":[["2017",9,6]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}
(2). Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a aplicabilidade da citologia vaginal no monitoramento reprodutivo de fêmeas de P. maximus de vida-livre. Entre maio de 2023 e janeiro de 2025, foram realizadas 10 capturas de cinco fêmeas adultas, monitoradas por GPS e radiotelemetria no Pantanal e no Cerrado do Mato Grosso do Sul. Todos os procedimentos foram autorizados pelo SISBIO (nº 27587-1) e pela CEUA (nº 528/2023). A anestesia foi induzida por via intramuscular com tartarato de butorfanol, cloridrato de detomidina e midazolam (0,1 mg/kg cada), seguida de cetamina (5 mg/kg)  ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION
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anatomy and physiology of armadillos make anesthetic procedures and the
placement of telemetry devices challenging. From June 2011 to November 2019, a
total of 73 free-living armadillos were captured and anesthetized in the Pantanal,
Brazil. Giant (Priodontes maximus), six-banded (Euphractus sexcinctus),
southern naked-tailed (Cabassous unicinctus), and nine-banded (Dasypus
novemcinctus) armadillos were divided into two groups. In group 1, 30
armadillos were anesthetized for collection of biological samples, body
measurements, and placement of a microchip tag. Anesthetic combination BDM was
applied: butorphanol tartrate, detomidine hydrochloride, and midazolam
hydrochloride, each at 0.1 mg/kg. In group 2, 43 armadillos received ketamine
hydrochloride at 10 mg/kg 20 min after BDM injection, and intra-abdominal radio
transmitters were surgically implanted. The transmitter was inserted freely
into the abdominal cavity. Vital signs were monitored during anesthesia every
10 min and varied within species and between groups. Rectal temperature varied
from 33.1 ± 1.36 to 35.34 ± 1.21°C, heart rate (beats/min) from 19 ± 2.14 to
84.71 ± 9.25, respiratory rate (breaths/min) from 11 ± 4.16 to 31 ± 2.82, and
oxygen saturation values (SPO2%) from 84.17% ± 2.39 to 98% ± 1.20. Both groups
received the antagonist combination NYF: naloxone hydrochloride (0.02 mg/kg),
yohimbine hydrochloride (0.125 mg/kg), and flumazenil (0.01 mg/kg). Recovery
varied according to intravenous or intramuscular injection from 2 ± 4 to 8.08 ±
2.93 min respectively. BDM protocol was considered satisfactory and provided
enough time to complete the procedures (60 ± 85 to 133.20 ± 9.12 min) according
to the species and group. Ketamine added to the BDM provided enough time and a
surgical plane of anesthesia (97 ± 22 to 137 ± 39.5 min). The surgical
procedure technique chosen did not appear to have a negative impact on
armadillos studied. Implantable transmitters provide a cost-effective method
for long-term monitoring of wild individuals.","container-title":"Journal
of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine: Official Publication of the American Association
of Zoo
Veterinarians","DOI":"10.1638/2017-0194","issue":"3","journalAbbreviation":"J
Zoo Wildl
Med","language":"eng","note":"PMID:
33480527","page":"514-526","source":"PubMed","title":"Anesthesia
and surgery protocols for intra-abdominal transmitter placement in four species
of wild armadillo","volume":"51","author":[{"family":"Kluyber","given":"Danilo"},{"family":"Pinho
Gomez
Lopez","given":"Rodrigo"},{"family":"Massocato","given":"Gabriel"},{"family":"Attias","given":"Nina"},{"family":"Léonard
Jean
Desbiez","given":"Arnaud"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2020",11]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}
(3). Swabs vaginais previamente umedecidos com solução fisiológica foram utilizados para a confecção de esfregaços citológicos, corados com Panótico Rápido. As lâminas foram analisadas por microscopia óptica, com contagem de 200 células por amostra, classificadas como parabasais, intermediárias (pequenas e grandes) e superficiais. Amostras de sangue foram obtidas por punção da veia femoral e centrifugadas (2500 g por 15 min) para separação do soro, que foi armazenado a -20 °C até à mensuração das concentrações de estradiol e progesterona por radioimunoensaio (Perkin Elmer 1470 Automatic Gamma Counter, Massachusetts, EUA), utilizando kits comerciais (Beckman Coulter). A citologia revelou os mesmos tipos celulares descritos na literatura para mamíferos domésticos (Figura 1), com médias (± SEM) de: parabasais (34,7 ± 29,6%), intermediárias pequenas (17,7 ± 16,3%), intermediárias grandes (9,7 ± 8,1%) e superficiais (38,0 ± 37,6%). As concentrações hormonais variaram amplamente: estradiol (422,5 ± 620,4 ng/mL) e progesterona (5,8 ± 3,3 ng/mL). O coeficiente de Spearman identificou correlações significativas (P < 0,05) entre parâmetros citológicos e hormonais, como entre estradiol e células parabasais (r = -0,68), progesterona e células intermediárias grandes (r = 0,75), células parabasais e superficiais (r = -0,82) e entre células intermediárias pequenas e grandes (r = 0,63). Os resultados parciais deste estudo sugerem que a citologia vaginal constitui uma técnica promissora para o monitoramento reprodutivo de fêmeas de P. maximus, contrastando com os achados anteriores em outras espécies da superordem Xenarthra  ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION
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aim of this study was to monitor the oestrous cycle using vaginal cytology,
ultrasound and measurement of hormone levels associated with the modification
of external genitalia in female Euphractus sexcinctus. Five adult female six-banded
armadillos were used for the study. Every three days, we chemically restrained
the animals with a combined dose of ketamine and xylazine for 90 days. On
each occasion, we conducted vaginal cytology and monitored the alterations in
the vulval appearance. In addition, we obtained blood samples for serum
estradiol and progesterone analysis and evaluated the ovaries by
ultrasonography (8 MHz). As results, at least two entire cycles were
monitored per female as based on external oestrous signs. We determined that
six-banded armadillos' oestrous cycle lasts 23.5 ± 3.12 days,
comprising 8.8 ± 1.4 days for oestrogen phase, in which we
verified vaginal bloody discharge, vulvar oedema, presence of mucus and ease of
introduction of the swab. During oestrus, females presented an oestrogen peak
of 240.66 ± 12.69 pg ml(-1) , on average, with a positive
visualization of ovary follicles by ultrasound. The progesterone phase lasts
15.62 ± 2.1 days, characterized by the absence of bloody
secretion and difficulty in introducing the swab; there was verification of a
progesterone plateau of 10.83 ± 1.86 ng ml(-1) , on
average, with identification of corpora lutea in 60% of the ovaries. This is
apparently the first description of the six-banded armadillos' oestrous cycle,
which proves the efficiency of a multiparametric analysis to monitor
it.","container-title":"Reproduction in Domestic Animals =
Zuchthygiene","DOI":"10.1111/rda.12738","issue":"5","journalAbbreviation":"Reprod
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Anim","language":"en","note":"PMID:
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the reproductive physiology of six-banded armadillos (Euphractus sexcinctus,
Linnaeus, 1758) through different techniques","volume":"51","author":[{"family":"Campos","given":"L.
B."},{"family":"Peixoto","given":"Gcx"},{"family":"Lima","given":"G.
L."},{"family":"Castelo","given":"T.
S."},{"family":"Silva","given":"A.
M."},{"family":"Freitas","given":"Cia"},{"family":"Silva","given":"A.
R."}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2016"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}
(4). Trata-se de um método economicamente viável, de colheita simples, aplicável em condições de campo e de fácil transporte e armazenamento. Este é o primeiro estudo a empregar esta abordagem em P. maximus, representando uma contribuição inédita ao conhecimento da reprodução desta espécie ameaçada.